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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Varphi Josephson junction ： ウィキペディア英語版 Varphi Josephson junction A φ Josephson junction (pronounced ''varphi Josephson junction'') is a particular type of the Josephson junction, which has a non-zero Josephson phase φ across it in the ground state. A π Josephson junction, which has the minimum energy corresponding to the phase of π, is a specific example of it. == Introduction == The Josephson energy $U$ depends on the superconducting phase difference (Josephson phase) $\backslash phi$ periodically, with the period $2\backslash pi$. Therefore, let us focus only on one period, e.g. . In the ordinary Josephson junction the dependence $U(\backslash phi)$ has the minimum at $\backslash phi=0$. The function : $U(\backslash phi)\; =\; \backslash frac()$, where is the critical current of the junction, and $\backslash Phi\_0$ is the flux quantum, is a good example of conventional $U(\backslash phi)$. Instead, when the Josephson energy $U(\backslash phi)$ has a minimum (or more than one minimum per period) at $\backslash phi\backslash neq0$, these minimum (minima) correspond to the lowest energy states (ground states) of the junction and one speaks about "φ Josephson junction". Consider two examples. First, consider the junction with the Josephson energy $U(\backslash phi)$ having two minima at $\backslash phi=\backslash pm\backslash varphi$ within each period, where $\backslash varphi$ (such that ) is some number. For example, this is the case for $U(\backslash phi)\; =\; \backslash frac\; \backslash left\backslash I\_()\backslash right\backslash \}$, which corresponds to the current-phase relation $I\_s(\backslash phi)\; =\; I\_\backslash sin(\backslash phi)\; +\; I\_\backslash sin(2\backslash phi)$. If and , the minima of the Josephson energy occur at $\backslash phi=\backslash pm\backslash varphi$, where $\backslash varphi=\backslash arccos\backslash left(-2I\_/I\_\backslash right)$. Note, that the ground state of such a Josephson junction is doubly degenerate because $U(-\backslash varphi)=U(+\backslash varphi)$. Another example is the junction with the Josephson energy similar to conventional one, but shifted along $\backslash phi$-axis, for example $U(\backslash phi)\; =\; \backslash frac()$, and the corresponding current-phase relation $I\_s(\backslash phi)\; =\; I\_\backslash sin(\backslash phi-\backslash varphi\_0)$. In this case the ground state is $\backslash phi=\backslash varphi\_0$ and it is not degenerate. The above two examples show that the Josephson energy profile in φ Josephson junction can be rather different, resulting in different physical properties. Often, to distinguish, which particular type of the current-phase relation is meant, the researches are using different names. At the moment there is no well-accepted terminology. However, some researchers use the terminology after A. Buzdin:〔 the Josephson junction with double degenerate ground state $\backslash phi=\backslash pm\backslash varphi$, similar to the first example above, are indeed called φ Josephson junction, while the junction with non-degenerate ground state, similar to the second example above, are called $\backslash varphi\_0$ Josephson junctions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Varphi Josephson junction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.